Unit Four Lesson One
Passage A Boxing—Legalized Murder?
Part One: Vocabulary
Section A: Important Words
1. box vi. 拳击
boxing n. 拳击（运动）：He is watching a boxing match. 他正在观看一场拳击比赛。
boxer n. 拳击手：He is a professional boxer. 他是个职业拳击手。
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2. legal a. 法律的，合法的（反illegal）：
She went to the lawyer for legal help. 她找律师寻求法律帮助。
legalize v. 合法化，公认：
They
wanted to legalize the movement. 他们试图使这项运动合法化。
real → realize public
→ publicize
modern → modernize general → generalize
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3. incur vt. 遭受：incur danger/ heavy loss 遭受危险/重大损失
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4. sense n. 1.感觉：
Man has five senses, that is the sense
of touch, sight, hearing, smell and taste.
人有五种感觉，即触觉，视觉，听觉，嗅觉和味觉。
2. 意识，观念，…感：a sense of beauty/ honor/ humor/ time
美感/ 荣誉感/ 幽默感/ 时间观念
3. 理智：He must be out of his senses to say such a thing.
他说出这种话来，真是失去了理智。
sensation n. 1. 感觉，知觉，感受：He had no sensation in his
hands. 他的双手没有感觉。
the sensation of sight/ happiness 视觉/ 幸福感
2. 轰动：The movie produced/ caused’ created a great sensation.
这部电影很轰动。
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5. victim n. 牺牲品，受害者：He is a victim of the traffic accident. 他是交通事故的受害者。
6. occupy v. 占满，占领：Many problems occupy his mind. 他的头脑中充满了许多问题。
Cooking and washing occupied most of her time.
做饭洗衣占用了她大部分的时间。
occupation n. 职业：What’s your occupation? 你的职业是什么？
occupational a. 职业的：occupational disease 职业病
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7. punch n. 拳打：give him a punch in the face 在他脸上打了一拳
get a punch on the nose 鼻子上挨了一拳
vt. 用拳打：He punched me on the nose. 他用拳头打我鼻子。
punchdrunk a. （拳击中）被打得晕头转向的
punch-drunkenness n. （拳击中）被打得晕头转向， 拳击眩晕症
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8. remedy n. 治疗措施，药品：This is a good remedy for a sore throat.
这是治疗喉咙痛的良药。
a remedy for social evils 社会邪恶的矫正法
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9. skull n. 头骨：He has a thick skull. 他头脑迟钝。
10. bruise vt. 青肿：The blow bruised his arm. 那一拳使他的手臂青肿。
vi. 淤血：I bruise easily. 我容易淤血。
n. 碰伤，撞伤，损伤：I got a bruise on the arm. 我的手臂上淤肿。
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11. bleed (bled bled) vi. 流血： His nose is bleeding. 他的鼻子在流血。
She bled from the ears after bumping her head.
撞了头后她的耳朵流血。
blood n. 1. 血液：Blood circulates through the body. 血液在体内循环。
2. 血缘： We are related by blood. 我们有血缘关系。
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12. coordinate vt. 使协调，使调和：
She’s
a beautiful dancer: all her movements are perfectly coordinated.
她是位出色的舞蹈家，她所有的动作都非常协调。
We used a computer to coordinate the marketing campaign.
我们使用一台电脑来协调推销活动。
coordination n. 协调，调和：careful coordination of our research efforts
对我们研究工作的精心协调
Dancers need good coordination/ a sense of coordination.
舞蹈演员需要良好的动作协调/ 协调意识。
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13. restrain vt. 1. 克制（感情等）， 抑制：She could not restrain her anger. 她无法抑制愤怒。
2. 制止：I restrained him from going there alone. 我制止他独自去那里。
restraint
n. [U] 克制，抑制，自制：beyond
restraint 不能抑制
without restraint 不节制地，自由地
restrict vt. 限制，限定：The police restricted traffic there. 警方管制那里的交通。
My doctor restricted me to a light diet. 医生只许我吃一点清淡饮食。
restriction n. 限制，限定：The police placed /put restrictions on wheeled traffic.
警方对车辆交通加以管制。
without restriction 无限制地
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14. restore vt. 恢复，修复，归还：
He has restored his health. = He has been restored to health. = His health is restored.
他已经恢复健康。
Please restore the book to the shelf. 请把书放回书架。
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15. heal v. 复原，治愈：The burn is not yet healed. 烫伤仍未复原。
Time heals grief. 时间能治疗哀伤
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16. cell n. 1. 细胞：a plant cell 一个植物细胞
2. 小牢房：The man was put in a prison cell. 那个人被关在小牢房里。
3. 电池：The toy car was run by two dry cells. 玩具汽车由两节干电池驱动。
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17. promise n. 1. 承诺，许诺：It is easy to make a promise but it is difficult to carry it out.
承诺容易履行难。
He always keeps/ often breaks his promise. 他一向遵守/ 时常违背诺言。
2. 希望，指望，前途：
He is a young man of great promise. 他是个很有前途的青年。
The look of the sky gives promise of rain. 天看起来很可能要下雨。
promising a.有希望的，有可能的： He is a promising young man. 他是个有希望的年轻人。
The weather is promising. 天气有可能好转。
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18. impair vt. 削弱，减少，损害：His illness has impaired
his efficiency.
他的病降低了他的效率。
impaired hearing 受损的听力
impairment n. 削弱，减少，损害：The impairment of thinking power can hardly restored.
思维能力的损害很难恢复。
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19. afflict vt. 使（身心）受痛苦，折磨：He is afflicted with bad eyesight. 他苦于视力不佳。
one of the major problems currently afflicting third world countries
当前困扰第三世界国家的主要问题之一
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20. inevitable a. 不可避免的，必然发生的：
A
confrontation was inevitable because they disliked each other so much.
他们互相十分厌恶，因此对抗是不可避免的。
They reached the inevitable conclusion that the money must have been stolen.
他们得出的必然结论是，这笔钱一定是被偷走了。
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21. confess v. 承认，坦白，供认：
The thief confessed that he had stolen the money. 小偷承认他偷了钱。
I confessed that I was surprised to hear the news. 我承认听到这条消息很惊讶。
The little boy confessed to telling a lie. 小男孩承认说谎。
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22. pastime n. 消遣，娱乐：He sometimes plays cards as a pastime. 他有时打牌消遣。
23. abolish vt. 废除，取消：Slavery was abolished in the US in the 19th century.
美国在十九世纪废除了奴隶制。
abolition n. 废除，取消：They campaigned for the abolition of capital punishment.
他们发动了废除死刑的运动。
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24. resolve v. 1. 决心，决定：She resolved to eat less./ that she would eat less. 她决心节食。
He resolved not to waste time. 他决定不浪费时间。
2. 解决，解答：The matter was resolved by
giving him a call.
给他打个电话就把问题解决了。
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25. pertinent a. 相关的，中肯的，切题的，恰当的：
The
journalist asked several highly pertinent questions.
记者提出了若干及其切题的问题。
Your remarks are not pertinent to our discussion.
你的话与我们的讨论无关。
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1. die down 渐渐平息，渐渐消失：
The wind has died down a lot. 风已经小了许多。
It took a long time for the excitement to die down. 兴奋的情绪经久不消。
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2. knock out 损坏，击昏（某人），击倒（某人）：
He hit her so hard that he knocked her out. 他出手太重，把她打昏了。
Our team was knocked out in the first part of the competition.
我们队在比赛的第一轮就被击败了。
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3. tie down 固定，束缚：
The seat belt will tie you down to the car. 安全带将你固定在车上。
His business tied him down. 工作使他忙得不能分身。
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4. clear up 治愈，使正常：
I hope your troubles clear up soon. 我希望你的麻烦很快就能消除。
I have lots of work to clear up. 我有许多工作要完成。
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5. run into 达到：
His stamp collection runs into thousands. 他收集的邮票达到上千枚。
6. be on relief 接受救济：
In our country, the unemployed are on relief.在我们国家，失业者接受救济。
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7. at sb.’s expense 由（某人）负担费用，使（某人）受损失：
He studied abroad at his own expense. 他自费出国留学。
8. slow sb. up 时（某人）变得迟钝，使…变慢：
Do slow up before you come to the crossroad. 到达十字路口之前一定要减速。
The illness slowed him up to a great extent. 疾病使他变得明显迟钝。
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9. make no mistake about sth. 无疑，的确，别弄错：
Make no mistake about it, boxing is the sport that causes serious injuries.
毫无疑问，拳击是一种能造成严重伤害的运动。
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Unit Four Lesson Two-Four
Part Two: Text and Structure:
Opening—Boxing causes deaths and punch-drunkenness, very serious head injuries but it arises very weak public responses. (paras. 1-2)
Transition—The fact that boxing causing head injuries but arising weak response gives rise to the question how dangerous boxing is and what the result is. (para. 3)
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How dangerous is boxing? (paras. 4-6)
para 4—Boxing causes damages to the brain and skull by bouncing the brain back and forth.
para 5—Head blows are damaging to the frontal lobes of the brain, the highest biological intelligence, the finest coordination, restraints and self-control.
para. 6—Brian injuries from boxing head blow do not heal.
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What are the results of head blow damages? (paras. 7-9)
para 7—Increasing numbers of boxers are suffering from impairment of thinking powers, self-control, speech and emotional stability.
para 8—Hundreds of boxers are on relief, supported at public expenses or by their families or friends. And they can only take simple jobs which only require low intelligence.
para 9—No boxers can escape some degree of brain injury. 60 out of every hundred show down in their responses and 5 out of every hundred become out-and-out punchdrunks.
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Conclusion—Boxing is dangerous and should be abolished. (paras. 10-12)
para 10—Boxing is a dangerous pastime, which confesses injuries with the head as the number one target.
paras 11-12—Boxing should be abolished. The conclusion is supported almost by all who have given the subject serious study. And the United States Military Academy is considering the removal of boxing from its intercollegiate program.
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Part Three: Comprehensive Questions:
1. What is the author’s opinion about boxing according to the passage?
A. Boxing should be encouraged.
B. Boxing should be abolished.
C. Boxing is good for health.
D. Boxing is a popular sport in the United States.
_____B_______________________________________________________________________
2. Which part of the body cannot be restored once it is damaged?
A. A broken leg. B. The stomach.
C. Fingers. D. The brain.
_____D_______________________________________________________________________
3. Mark each sentence with T is it is true, F is it is false, according to the text, or – if the text doesn’t say.
1) Getting hit in the face may injure the frontal lobes.
2) After each boxing match qualified doctors test boxers with brain-wave recorders.
3) Many ex-fighters who are afflicted with different kinds of impairment can still make a living by themselves.
4) Since boxing is a very popular and exciting sport in the United States, it cannot be abolished in the future.
2) A rising boxing star is very likely to die of boxing’s occupational diseases such as punch-drunkenness.
3) The brain is not securely tied down inside the skull, so a light blow may cause it to bruise and bleed.
____1)F 2) – 3) F 4) – 5)T 6) T ___________________________________________
1. as a result of 由于，作为…的结果：He was late as a result of snow. 由于下雪他迟到了。
as a result 作为结果，因此：There was a bad accident, as a result, many people were injured.
出了一场恶性交通事故，因此，很多人受了伤。
result from (=
rise from, attribute to) 起因于，因…而造成：
His illness resulted from smoking. 他的疾病是吸烟造成的。
result in (= lead
to, give rise to contribute to) 导致，结果是：
Smoking resulted in his illness. 吸烟导致了他的疾病。
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Exercise: Fill in the blanks with one of the above four phrases:
1) _____________ his academic achievements, he has been given an excellent job.
2) He works hard and _______________ has been given an excellent job.
3)
The accident __________ a defective brake.
4) The accident __________ three deaths.
1) As a result of 2) as a result 3) resulted from 4) resulted in
2. die down 平息，渐渐转弱：The storm died down. 风暴平息了。
The fire is dying down. Please get more coal. 火快灭了，请多加点煤。
die out 灭绝：This kind of birds has died out. 这种鸟已经灭绝了。
die of 死于(cancer, hunger, old age, cold etc.)
die from 死于 (wound)
die away （音乐，清风等）渐渐消失：The sound died away. 声音渐渐消失。
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Exercise: Fill in the blanks with one of the above phrases:
1)At last the music ___________, neither of them moved for a while. (died away)
2) Father’s steps had ___________ and there was a moment of absolute silence. (died away)
3) When the cheering had __________, the Prime Minister began his speech. (died down)
4) According to Darwin, only those species adaptable to cope with changing conditions survived . The others _____________. (died out)
5) Elephants would ____________ if men were allowed to shoot as many as they wished.
(die out)
6) One of the children ____________ smallpox and the other _________ a wound.
(died of/ from)
7) Neighborhood shops are _____________ because of the big department stores. (dying out)
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3. run into 1.达到，累计： His debt runs into 5 figures. 他的债务达到五位数。
2. 碰到：You’ll run into trouble if you
don’t care. 如果你不小心就会有麻烦。
I first ran into him at the library. 我第一次在图书馆见到他。
run away with （感情）战胜，让…失去控制, 不受…约束：
Her temper ran away with her. 她大发脾气。
His imagination ran away with him. 他想入非非。
run down 1. 贬低：run down sb’s achievement 贬低某人的成就
2. 减少，缩减：run production down 降低产量
3. 筋疲力尽： He is run down from working
too hard.
他因为工作太辛苦累坏了。
run out (of) 用完，耗尽： My money ran out. /I’m running out of money. 我的钱花光了。
run over碾过： He was run over by a car. 他被一辆车轧了。
run through 1.贯穿，普遍存在： A feeling of sadness runs through his novel.
一股悲哀的情绪贯穿于他的小说中。
2.浏览： She ran through a book in an hour. 她一小时浏览了一本书。
in the long run从长远看，究竟
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Exercise: Fill in the blanks with one of the above phrases:
1) The number of people killed on the highways during holidays ______________ hundreds.
(runs into)
2) His latest novel has ____________ three editions within a year. (run into)
3) When I ____________ a problem in my study, I could turn to my teacher for help. (ran into)
4) My tongue _____________ me and I said things that I afterwards regretted. (ran away with)
5) A good wife will not _________ her husband ______ in public. (run… down)
6) With the development of industry, the farm labor force has been __________ steadily. (running down)
7) He is still _________ after his illness and unfit for work. (run down)
8) Some of our natural resources are limited and we’ll __________them
in the near future.
(run out of)
9) A truck __________the couple as they were crossing the motor way. (ran over)
10) Please ____________ this passage and find out its main idea. (run through)
11) Learning English may be difficult ,but you will get benefit
_______________.
(in the long run)
12) It pays _____________ to buy goods of high quality.
____(in the long run)_________________________________________________________
During the last 4 years, about 42 boxers got head injuries and died. Ten times more boxers are getting hit in the head, which results in incurable boxing’s occupational disease: punch-drunkenness. doctors and scientists have discovered that a blow to any part of the head causes the brain to swing back and forth inside the skull, and bang against the containing side walls of the skull, which may lead to bruising and bleeding of the brain. Head blow in boxing may injure the frontal lobes, the most important parts of civilized man’s brain, where function the highest biological intelligence, the finest coordination, restraints and self control. And the most serious thing is that the brain, unlike other parts of the body, once damaged, can never recover. So brain injuries may result in permanent impairment of thinking powers, self control, speech and emotional activity. In the United States, hundreds of ex-boxers, professional or amateur, are now supported at public expenses, because they cannot earn their living, and thousands of others are taken care of by their families and friends. Nobody can escape some degree of brain injury if they box. Recently, people have started to consider abolition of this so-called sport. Many physical educators, directors of physical education and medical workers have given this subject serious study.
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Part Six: Exercise
_Ex. 2
1. the brain
2. frontal lobes
3. intelligent living
4. heal
5. public expense
6. abolished
7. should be abolished
8. high schools
9. amateurs
10. resolved
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Ex. 4
1. die down
2. literally
3. findings
4. do not heal
5. run into
6. take care of
7. slow up
8. out-and-out
9. number-one
10. so-called
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Ex. 5
1. remedy
2. restraints
3. confess
4. recovered
5. promising
6. restored
7. resolve
8. bled
9. cells
10. inevitable
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Ex. 6 A
1. clear up
2. knocked out
3. died down
4. will/may tie … down
5. runs into
6. slowing up
7. apparent to
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B.
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. B
5. B
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Ex. 7
1. B
2. C
3. D
4. B
5. C
6. B
7. C
8. D
9. A
10. D
11. C
12. A
13. B
14. D
15. D
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Ex. 8
1. known as
2. occurs
3. cause
4. in which
5. for example
6. from
7. originally
8. preventing
9. build up
10. In addition
11. in turn
12. however
13. suitable
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Ex. 9
1. 这种运动不仅在受冲击处，而且在受到撞击的颅骨的对侧，都有可能引起大脑碰伤或出血。
2. 最高级的生物智能，最精细的共济功能，抑制和自我控制等文明活动的生命线都在这里发生作用。
3． 大量的这一病例以前并没有被诊断为拳击眩晕症，现在才为医学科学所了解。
4． 这种观点经过投票，支持者的情况记录如下：全国各大学体育主管中的50%， 实际上所有各州的公共教育局，全国体育协会，以及每一位认真研究这一问题的医学工作者。